Human emotions have a lot of power over how we react to situations in life, the trick is learning how to not let them take over. That's a matter of opinion. O, damn her, damn her! He ends up killing her out of jealousy; when she does not deserve it. Macbeth) in the essay title portion of your citation. Archetypal Criticism Archetypal criticism argues that archetypes determine the form and function of literary works, . A storm has dispersed the Venetian fleet so that Cassio arrives first, anxious for Othello's safety. Shakespeare derived his plot from Giraldi Cinthios Tale of the Moor, in the story collection Hecatommithi (1565), reshaping Cinthios sensational tale of jealousy, intrigue, and murder in several key ways. Feminist Critique of the Character Desdemona in Othello Introduction Women during Elizabethan age are assumed to have spent their lives in the service of men - prearranged marriages, child rearing, and their role as sexual objects. must concern itself with the archetypal, the universal, with that which is necessarily larger, more extreme than in life. Archetypal theory and criticism, although often used synonymously with Myth theory and crticism, has a distinct history and process. Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture, Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought, The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Analysis of Stuart Halls Encoding/Decoding, Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play. But the great literary text for Jungs life and work was Johann Wolfgang von Goethes Faust, not because of its literary qualities but because he sensed that the drama expressed his own personal myth (Letters 1:309-10). He is a character of high stature that is destroyed by his surroundings, his own actions, and his fate. To learn more, read our. 1: 4), but he distinguishes his concept and use of the term from that of philosophical idealism as being more empirical and less metaphysical, though most of his empirical data were dreams. By the end of the play, he has brought down his world around him with the relentless force that made him a great general turned inward, destroying both what he loved best in another and in himself. A Modern View of Feminist Criticism William Shakespeare 's "Othello" can be analyzed from a feminist perspective.This criticism focuses on relationships between genders, like the patterns of thoughts, behavior, values, enfranchisement, and power in relations between and within sexes. His final speech mixes together the acknowledgment of what he was and what he has become, who he is and how he would like to be remembered: I have done the state some service, and they knowt. And new theories increasingly give credence to the requirement, historically asserted by Jungian readers, that each text elicit a personal, affective, and not merely intellectual response. 1. At the center of the plays intrigue is Shakespeares most sinister and formidable conceptions of evil in Iago, whose motives and the wellspring of his villainy continue to haunt audiences and critics alike. Othello makes an error in judgement, which leads to his change in fortune, and later realizes that his actions are what caused said change in fortune. Othello is a man of high rank in Venice. Desdemonas true morals is her absolute devotion to her husband. Within these three days let me hear thee say And it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets Hes done my office. Othello, being a hero, enjoys a good reputation and has notable qualities. His destruction is essentially precipitated by his own actions, as well as by the actions of the characters surrounding him. Learn what works (and what doesn't) from the reader's perspective. Iago's intelligence and wit allows him to make good sport of the protagonists of the play, sending Othello to his doom and that of his family. "An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare." Earnest Cassirer, a social anthropologist was an important influence on myth criticism. Essays may be lightly modified for readability or to protect the anonymity of contributors, but we do not edit essay examples prior to publication. Up until Act III Scene iii Othello, "noble Moor" is in an elated position and is very aware of his importance. 125-126). . As in a typical Shakespearean comedy, love, tested, triumphs over all opposition. Kibin does not guarantee the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of the essays in the library; essay content should not be construed as advice. Archetypal criticism is a product of both cultural anthropology and psychoanalysis which are academic fields that might seem to be far from the concept of archetypal criticism. When citing an essay from our library, you can use "Kibin" as the author. The term 'archetype' is taken from the Greek words 'arche' (beginning) and 'typos' (imprint). The scapegoat is the character that gets blamed for everything regardless if he or she was actually the one who did or not (Archetypes). Texts and Contexts: Writing About Literature with Critical Theory. What makes you cringe? The Critical Analysis Of A Novel: Atonement By Ian Mcewan Atonement by Ian McEwan is a literary masterpiece and a highly critically acclaimed novel. Othello is a tragedy plan written by William Shakespeare. Archetypal Criticism of Othello Othello, one of Shakespeare's most popular tragedies, is full of symbols, motifs, and themes that make it relatable to people all over the world. In Shakespeare's Othello, Iago is one of the most compelling villains in English literature. The contrast is most pronounced from the beginning of the play to its conclusion, switching from being calm and peaceful to acts of uncontrolled venomous rage. Having triumphantly bested the social and natural forces aligned against them, having staked all to the devotion of the other, Desdemona and Othello will not be left to live happily ever after, and the tragedy will grow out of the conditions that made the comedy. For Cassirer, reason alone cannot lead to truth, but mythical thinking which focuses on immediate experience is essential. Rashness: The play is replete with rash decisions. Cultural criticism is exploring or examining the relationship of dominant role based on ethnicity, and sexual identity of person, also a great understanding of yourself. By trying to hide the fact that Othello had murdered her, Desdemona has chosen to put the honor of their love above honesty. No single motive is relied on for long, and the gap between cause and effect, between the pettiness of Iagos grudges and the monstrousness of his behavior, prompted Samuel Taylor Coleridge in a memorable phrase to characterize Iagos motiveless malignity. There is in Iago a zest for villainy and a delight in destruction, driven more by his hatred and contempt for any who oppose his conception of jungle law than by a conventional naturalistic explanation based on jealousy or envy. 1. O, farewell! Desdemona on her deathbed, still defends her Lords actions. An archetype criticism of othello, a play by william shakespeare. Frye's work helped displace New Criticism as the major mode of analyzing literary texts . At mid-century, Canadian critic Northrop Frye (1912-91) introduced new distinctions in literary criticism between myth and archetype. 2. Archetypal criticism ensures the efforts of all these concerned faculties to analyse of a text hence archetypal criticism is of immense significance. The term "archetype" can be traced to Plato (arche, "original"; typos, "form"), but the concept gained currency in twentieth-century literary theory and criticism through the work . Archetypal criticism is a literary approach that analyzes works of literature based on the idea that there are universal, timeless patterns and themes that recur across all cultures and throughout history. Is Othello or Hamlet better? Here are some examples of archetype in Shakespearean works: Lover: Romeo ("Romeo and Juliet"), Juliet ("Romeo and Juliet"), Antony ("Antony and Cleopatra") Hero: Othello ("Othello"), Hamlet . . Like the base Indian, threw a pearl away This preview is partially blurred. Frye, then, first misinterprets Jungian theory by insisting on a Lamarckian view of genetic transmission of archetypes, which Jung explicitly rejected, and later settles on a concept of archetype as a literary occurrence per se, an exclusively intertextual recurring phenomenon resembling a convention (99). Othello is now reduced to questioning his wife's maid, Emilia, looking for evidence of Desdemona's infidelity. The tragedy of Othello, written by William Shakespeare, presents the main character Othello, as a respectable, honorable, and dignified man, but because of his insecurities and good nature, he is easily taken advantage of and manipulated by his peers and alleged friends. The play moves relentlessly from here to catastrophe as Othello delivers justice to those he is convinced have wronged him. Desdemona replies that it was her fault: Nobody I myself. Othello as a character of noble blood seems to conform to all these. Othello falls in love with Desdemona and they secretly marry; later, he leaves to Cyprus to stop the Turks. However, in William Shakespeare's Othello, Emilia's character portrays three completely different archetypes and they all come through in strategical places. His destruction is essentially precipitated by his own actions, as well as by the actions of the characters surrounding him. I took by th throat the circumcisd dog, Othello also matches Aristotle's ideas of tragic hero because our Othello realizes the error of his ways, causing us to feel sympathy for him. To protect the anonymity of contributors, we've removed their names and personal information from the essays. Frazers and Jungs texts formed the basis of two allied but ultimately different courses of influence on literary history. archetypal criticism in othello archetypal criticism in othello america undercover life of crime Juni 12, 2022. used kawai upright piano . Bibliography Looking at William Shakespeare's Othello The Moor Of Venice, the central character, Othello is revered as the tragic hero. Shakespeare often focuses his plays on human nature as well as fate, which Othellos fate ended in the tragic ending due to his reversal of fortune once the claims against Desdemona begin. Tis done at your request; but let her live. An archetype is universal; it is generated by man's psyche regardless of time of place. . Archetypal criticism proceeds from the initial assumption that every work of literature can be categorized and fitted into a large framework that encompasses all literature. Mythological Criticism and Archetypes BY: TO: AYTEKIN ALIYEVA Prof. SHAHIN KHALILLI. And let the labouring barque climb hills of seas In this essay let us examine the various themes and determine which are dominant and which subordinate. In The Tragedy of Othello, Shakespeare details the story of a celebrated military hero who falls victim to the machinations of a conniving villain who goes by the name of Iago. Reading example essays works the same way! He carries out his own execution for a violation that threatens social and psychic order. An archetype is recurrent. As Dian's visage, is now begrimed and black. Archetypal criticism gets its impetus from psychologist Carl Jung, who postulated that humankind has a "collective unconscious," a kind of universal psyche, which is manifested in dreams and myths and which harbors themes . The archetypal characteris a simple character template recognizable to all readers. After the. Othello is decisive, confident, and secure in his identity, duty, and place in the world. Archetypal school of literary criticism is a type of literary criticism that is concerned with recurring myths and archetypes in symbols, characters, actions, and situations within literary pieces. to view the complete essay. An analysis of women being victims in Othello: Othello is a play written by William Shakespeare in the 1600s, this essay is from a feminist perspective. And the 1980s saw a new, suggestive, and controversial direction in archetypal studies of literature: the feminist. Mythological critics compare one work to others with similar story . QAFQAZ UNIVERSITY SPRING, 2013. Not only does she try to protect Othellos reputation by blaming herself, Desdemona tells Emilia to remind Othello about her showing that she stills respects Othello. Aristotles theory is not the final word on tragedy, however it can support in pinpointing the pivotal traits in. The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains a number of themes; their relative importance and priority is debated by literary critics. Because of that, it has generated a lot of literary criticism in the 400 years since it was written and first . 1924) to move beyond clinical inquiry within the consulting room of psychotherapy to formulate archetypal theory as a multidisciplinary field (Archetypal 1). Farewell / Commend me to my kind lord. Considered according to this definition, the concept becomes a useful tool for literary analysis that explores the synthesis of the universal and the particular, seeks to define the parameters of social construction of gender, and attempts to construct theories of language, of the imaginal, and of meaning that take gender into account. Just another site. In addition, many powerfully heuristic Jungian concepts, such as synchronicity, have yet to be tested in literary contexts. The traits of the tragic hero lead the audience to feel compassion for the helpless victim. Not with vain thanks, but with acceptance bounteous, Uncover new sources by reviewing other students' references and bibliographies, Inspire new perspectives and arguments (or counterarguments) to address in your own essay. The concept of the archetype is a venerable philosophical principle that came into new prominence and usage in the twentieth century with the development of archetypal literary criticism . R. F. C. Hull, 2 vois., 1973-75). Finally, Othello arrives giving him the opportunity to renew his marriage vows to Desdemona: It gives me wonder great as my content Othello must now face the realization of what he has done. To you, preferring you before her father, http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/an-archetype-criticism-of-othello-a-play-by-william-shakespeare-yJF4zltX, ("An Archetype Criticism of Othello, a Play by William Shakespeare. Witness that here Iago doth give up You elements that clip us round about, But Jos van Meurss critically annotated 1988 bibliography, Jungian Literary Criticism, 1920-1980, effectively challenges this claim. The movie Zootopia uses animals to portray racism and sexism; predators do not like prey and vice versa. The romantic climax comes in the trial scene of act 1, in which Othello success-fully defends himself before the Venetian senate against Brabantios charge that Othello has beguiled his daughter, stoln from me, and corrupted / By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks. Calmly and courteously Othello recounts how, despite the differences of age, race, and background, he won Desdemonas heart by recounting the stories of his exotic life and adventures: She loved me for the dangers I had passed, / And I loved her that she did pity them. Wonder at Othellos heroic adventures and compassion for her sympathy have brought the two opposites togetherthe young, inexperienced Venetian woman and the brave, experienced outsider. Categories: Drama Criticism, ELIZABEHAN POETRY AND PROSE, Literary Criticism, Literature, Tags: Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Bibliography Of William Shakespeares Othello, Character Study Of William Shakespeares Othello, Criticism Of William Shakespeares Othello, Drama Criticism, Essays Of William Shakespeares Othello, Notes Of William Shakespeares Othello, Othello, Othello Analysis, Othello Criticism, Othello Essay, Othello Feminism, Othello Notes, Othello Play, Othello PSychoanalysis, Othello Summary, Plot Of William Shakespeares Othello, Simple Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Study Guides Of William Shakespeares Othello, Summary Of William Shakespeares Othello, Synopsis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Themes Of William Shakespeares Othello, William Shakespeare, William Shakespeares Othello, Analysis of William Shakespeares Macbeth, Analysis of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Bibliography Of William Shakespeares Othello, Character Study Of William Shakespeares Othello, Criticism Of William Shakespeares Othello, Simple Analysis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Study Guides Of William Shakespeares Othello, Synopsis Of William Shakespeares Othello, Analysis of Stuart Halls Encoding/Decoding, Jacques Derrida's Structure, Sign and Play. Following his anatomizing of the painfully introspective intellectual Hamlet, Shakespeare, at the height of his ability to probe human nature and to dramatize it in action and language, treats Hamlets temperamental oppositethe man of action. The tragic hero archetype is used in many different pieces of writing and with every character comes a different way of using it. Othello, likewise, has tradud the state and has changed from noble and valiant Othello to a beast, with the passion that ennobled him shown as corrosive and demeaning. Othello's Integrity One of Othello's admirable qualities is that he believes that men should be transparent and honest as he is; "Certain, men should be what they seem" (Act 3 Scene 3 Line 134). Carl Jungs Contribution to Psychoanalytic Theory. Two publishing events at the beginning of the 1990s in the United States may signal the coming of age of this kind of archetypal criticism through its convergence with postmodern critical thought, along with a commensurate insistence on its roots in the depth psychology of Jung: the reissue of Morris Philipsons 1963 Outline of a Jungian Aesthetic and the appearance of Karin Barnaby and Pellegrino DAcerinos multidisciplinary, multicultural collection of essays, C. G. Jung and the Humanities: Toward a Hermeneutics of Culture. . Van Meurs also does a service by resurrecting successful but neglected early studies, such as Elizabeth Drews of T. S. Eliot (1949), and discovering value even in reductionist and impressionistic studies, such as June Singers of Blake. Indeed, the psychological resonances of the drama, along with its provocative racial and gender themes, have caused Othello, perhaps more than any other of Shakespeares plays, to reverberate the loudest with current audiences and commentators. It is in Act 3 Scene 3 where Othello takes on a new persona, where his confidence and happiness is tragically replaced with jealousy and rage. Othello is first shown as a hero of war and a man of, The extent of which Othello is a tragic hero has been open to much debate; the basis on which he is judged falls to Aristotles established view of the crucial elements that distinguish whether a person is truly tragic. What makes Othello so unique structurally (and painful to witness) is that it is a tragedy built on a comic foundation. Mythological literary critics look for archetypes, characters and/or symbols with traits that are seen throughout literature regardless of time or place. Their union is opposed by Desdemonas father, Brabantio, and by a rival for Desdemona, Roderigo, who in the plays opening scenes are both provoked against Othello by Iago. The Fables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology is a critical work published in 1963. In archetypal criticism, under the reductive method of analysis, a critic, while elucidating a text, moves from the particular truth to the general truth. Jungs Psychology of the Unconscious (1916, B. M. Hinkles translation of the 1911-12 Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido) appeared in English one year after publication of the concluding volume with bibliography of the third edition of J. G. Frazers The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (2 vols., 1890,3d ed., 12 vols., 1911-15). Iago leads Othello to suspect that love and devotion are shams disguising the basest of animalistic instincts. . The execution of his wit, hands, heart while we are reading any of [Shakespeare's] great criminal characters - we think not so much of the crimes which they commit, as of the ambition, the aspiring spirit, the intellectual activity which prompts them to . In Act 2, Scene 1 of Othello, Iago formulates his plan to drive Othello mad. By speaking of soul as a primary metaphor, rather than defining soul substantively and attempting to derive its ontological status from empirical demonstration or theological (metaphysical) argument, archetypal psychology recognizes that psychic reality is inextricably involved with rhetoric (Hillman, Archetypal 19). To see you here before me. In his "The . Seeing her dying, Emilia asks who would do this. However, the Moor and Alfiero join forces to kill Disdemona, beating her to death with a stocking filled with sand before pulling down the ceiling on her dead body to conceal the crime as an accident. No products in the cart. As the handkercheif is stolen from Desdemona, Othello believes that she has become unfaithful to him, which leads him down a jealous path and eventually kill her. Hillman invokes Henri Corbin (1903-78), French scholar, philosopher, and mystic known for his work on Islam, as the second father of archetypal psychology. So much I challenge that I may profess The play is set in Venice and Cyprus where a Moor, Othello, General of the Venetian army gets secretly married to a Venetian noblemans daughter, Desdemona. Analysis. This is not a satisfactory frame of mind for an investigator, and it is certainly not an . This way of proceeding had the effect of putting, and keeping, archetypal criticism on the margins of academic discourse and outside the boundaries of traditional academic disciplines and departments. In Othello, the plot meets the definition of both Aristotle and Shakespeare on a tragedy. As he attempts to carry out his execution of Desdemona, she for the first time realizes his charges against her and his utter delusion. Marxist criticism would also have offered a distinctive way of looking at Othello.

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