Those who refused this were sent to prison. LS23 6AD First English colony in Virginia established. [This last point is important and often students dont embrace the anomalies for fear that it will undermine their argument. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. - send 2000 to rebels. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. VAT reg no 816865400. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. One was debt. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? Use your outline Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. Best Answer. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. - Threats of invasion or Elizabeth's authority were made worse by her financial situation. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. The news of the rebellion caused widespread. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. In 1560, Scotland was ruled by Elizabeth's cousin called Mary Queen of Scots (MQS). Although her small kingdom was threatened by grave internal divisions, Elizabeth's blend of shrewdness, courage, and majestic self-display inspired ardent expressions of loyalty and helped unify the nation against foreign enemies. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. - death of henry II. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. Explain why Elizabeth faced many problems upon ascending to the throne in 1558 . W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. Spain had colonies in North and South America and Englands trade with them was very profitable, but foreigners needed a license to trade there. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Led by two powerful Catholic landowners, Thomas Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Charles Neville, Earl of Westmorland, this rebellions principal aims included the restoration of Catholicism to England, as well as the installation of Mary as Queen of England. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeth's role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots' arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. . This meant her ability to govern from the outset was immediately hampered. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. Elizabeth therefore committed actions that helped undermine the Spanish whilst ensuring England did not become fully embroiled in the conflict. As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. By 1568 most people had accepted. As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. Boston Spa, The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. The war was going badly for England. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. to answer the Section Focus Question: Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Boston Spa, This meant that England had suffered economically as they were not generating any income from Calais. The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. From there we will look at the career . The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. It was the arrival of Mary which also partly contributed to the revolt of the Northern Earls in 1569, which had brief success. Save. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. Dedicated to. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Mary was spared. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? The local inhabitants showed little mercy to the survivors of these wrecks. The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Foreign Affairs. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. Spymaster and Secretary of State from 1573 Francis Walsingham uncovered the plot. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. 14-16 / Another suitor for Elizabeth was Prince Eric of Sweden, later King Eric of Sweden. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . 2) This war was not a success. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. However, the Catholic Church bans divorce which presented a problem for Henry as he could not legally get rid of Catherine. As such, I disagree with the statement. Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. [A range of examples and wide-ranging knowledge really help explore the extent of this problem facing Elizabeth.]. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. Spain and France were the major European powers. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. VAT reg no 816865400. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. This was one of the more serious courtships of Elizabeth's reign. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. Boston House, The reasons for, and consequences of, the English victory. Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. - Leith blockade. By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). Doodle's Point of View The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. What were the causes of westward Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. Her aggressive stance on some issues led to further problems such as those faced in Ireland. West Yorkshire, This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. Freshwater supplies were lost and many tons of food rotted as the fleet eventually sailed to England in 1588. Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. Naval support by the English proved to be more effective for the Dutch rebels and a fleet of English ships patrolled the Dutch coastline to prevent the Spanish from landing some of their forces by sea. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death.

Migratory Greathorn Scute Swarm Combo, Yakutat, Alaska Homes For Sale, Reckling Family Net Worth, Articles W